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From the beginning, carolers symbolized the dead who followed the sun, and kutya was a symbol of honoring ancestors. The head of the department of folkloristics of the Institute of Philology of the Kyiv National University named after T. Shevchenko, associate professor Olesya Naumovska, told about this on the air of Radio Kultura. She also told why carolers, according to tradition, change clothes, and when New Year's trees appeared in homes.

From the beginning, these groups were all male, given that this ritual involves contact with death. Accordingly, women did not participate in it. We can already see how children and women carol. In fact, only men could do it. But, considering that this holiday is combined with the sun, the groups could not walk around the village chaotically. They followed the sun, and if it was a mountainous area, for example, the Carpathians, then they walked from below in a circle, climbing and going around each house. If the carolers did not enter a house, it means that a dead person's foot could be there, and this was a bad sign and they were very offended.

Тематика, мелодика, форма колядок и щедривок и обычаи колядников выражают признаки глубокой старины. Само же хождение группы колядников с определенным ролевым распределением, а порой и с инструментальным сопровождением, наталкивает на мысль о сходстве с группами веселых скоморохов княжеских времен. Темами колядок и щедривок являются земледелие и семья – ее быт и благополучие (другие темы занимают относительно небольшое место: мотивы военно-охотничьи, фантастически-сказочные, любовные, библейские). Все эти песни величественного содержания поются именно хозяину, хозяйке, парню, девушке.